A to Z. Fonts
A to Z 2 Fonts
A to Z 3 Fonts
A to Z 4 Fonts
A to Z 5 Fonts
A to Z 6 Fonts
A to Z 7 fonts
Hand Writting Font Pack
Sports Font Pack
Urdu Fonts
Russian Fonts
Roman-Greek fonts
Pixel Font Pack Fonts
Lovely Font Pack
Japanese-Chinese Fonts
Christmas Font Pack
ComicFonts
floral Fonts
Fire-Ice Font Pack
Western Fonts
Saturday, 17 April 2010
How To Create a LAN connection between 2 PCs
In this tutorial we see how to connect to computers together to share files and resources. We can go about it either the wired way or the wireless one. But the wireless way is pretty expensive. So in this tut, we consider the wired way.
To do it the wired way, we need either 2 normal ethernet cables and a Hub / Switch. OR a crossover ethernet cable. We choose the 2nd way as it is more cost effective.
To create a LAN network using a crossover cable, we just need a crossover (Cross crimped RJ45 / CAT5) cable and a LAN (Ethernet) card in both computers. Most computer motherboards have onboard ethernet these days.
We refer to the 2 computers as PC1 and PC2.
First of all, we connect the cross crimped ethernet cable in the LAN RJ45 ports of both the computers.
Now we start with configuring the computers.
2. Select the “Computer Name” tab and click the “Change” button.
3. Change the computer name to whatever you want, here we name it PC1. Change the workgroup to WG. (The workgroup name should be the same in both computers)
4. Click OK.
Now, to configure the TCP/IP connection settings,
1. Goto “Control Panel” >> “Network connections”
2. Right-click on your LAN connection and click “Properties”. In the “General” tab, select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”. Click the “Properties” button.
3. Set the Values
IP Address – 192.168.0.1
Subnet Mask – 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway – 192.168.0.2
4. Click OK and you are done for PC1.
2. Select the “Computer Name” tab and click the “Change” button.
3. Change the computer name to PC2. Change the workgroup to WG. (The workgroup name should be the same in both computers)
4. Click OK.
Now, to configure the TCP/IP connection settings,
1. Goto “Control Panel” >> “Network connections”
2. Right-click on your LAN connection and click “Properties”. In the “General” tab, select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”. Click the “Properties” button.
3. Set the Values
IP Address – 192.168.0.2
Subnet Mask – 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway – 192.168.0.1
4. Click OK and you are done for PC2 as well.
To do it the wired way, we need either 2 normal ethernet cables and a Hub / Switch. OR a crossover ethernet cable. We choose the 2nd way as it is more cost effective.
To create a LAN network using a crossover cable, we just need a crossover (Cross crimped RJ45 / CAT5) cable and a LAN (Ethernet) card in both computers. Most computer motherboards have onboard ethernet these days.
We refer to the 2 computers as PC1 and PC2.
First of all, we connect the cross crimped ethernet cable in the LAN RJ45 ports of both the computers.
Now we start with configuring the computers.
PC1:
1. Just right-click “My Computer” and click Properties.2. Select the “Computer Name” tab and click the “Change” button.
3. Change the computer name to whatever you want, here we name it PC1. Change the workgroup to WG. (The workgroup name should be the same in both computers)
4. Click OK.
Now, to configure the TCP/IP connection settings,
1. Goto “Control Panel” >> “Network connections”
2. Right-click on your LAN connection and click “Properties”. In the “General” tab, select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”. Click the “Properties” button.
3. Set the Values
IP Address – 192.168.0.1
Subnet Mask – 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway – 192.168.0.2
4. Click OK and you are done for PC1.
PC2:
1. Just right-click “My Computer” and click Properties.2. Select the “Computer Name” tab and click the “Change” button.
3. Change the computer name to PC2. Change the workgroup to WG. (The workgroup name should be the same in both computers)
4. Click OK.
Now, to configure the TCP/IP connection settings,
1. Goto “Control Panel” >> “Network connections”
2. Right-click on your LAN connection and click “Properties”. In the “General” tab, select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)”. Click the “Properties” button.
3. Set the Values
IP Address – 192.168.0.2
Subnet Mask – 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway – 192.168.0.1
4. Click OK and you are done for PC2 as well.
If you have done the above part correctly, the computers will have detected each other. If they don’t, just restart both the computers.
You can access the other computer in “My network Places”. You can also play multi-player games using this connection. For easier access you can map a drive on the network to a local drive by “Tools” >> “Map network drive”.
You can access the other computer in “My network Places”. You can also play multi-player games using this connection. For easier access you can map a drive on the network to a local drive by “Tools” >> “Map network drive”.
Microsoft Outlook shortcut keys
| Shortcut Keys | Description |
| Alt + S | Send the e-mail |
| Ctrl + C | Copy selected text. |
| Ctrl + X | Cut selected text. |
| Ctrl + P | Print selected text. |
| Ctrl + K | Complete the name and/or e-mail being typed in the e-mail address bar. |
| Ctrl + B | Bold highlighted selection |
| Ctrl + I | Italic highlighted selection |
| Ctrl + M | Send and receive all |
| Ctrl + U | Underline highlighted selection |
| Ctrl + R | Reply to an e-mail. |
| Ctrl + F | Forward an e-mail. |
| Ctrl + N | Create a new e-mail. |
| Ctrl + Y | Go to folder. |
| Ctrl + Shift + A | Create a new appointment to your calendar. |
| Ctrl + Shift + O | Open the Outbox. |
| Ctrl + Shift + I | Open the Inbox. |
| Ctrl + Shift + K | Add a new task. |
| Ctrl + Shift + C | Create a new contact. |
| Ctrl + Shift + J | Create a new journal entry. |
| Ctrl + Shift + V | Move folder. |
BIOS Settings
Introduction
The BIOS or Basic Input/Output System is the basic controller that allows all of the components that make up a computer system to talk to one another. But in order for this to happen, there are a number of things that the BIOS needs to know how to do. This is why the settings within the BIOS are so critical to the operation of the computer system. For about 95% of the computer users out there, they will never need to adjust the BIOS settings of their computer. However, those who have chosen to build their own computer system will need to know how to modify the settings.
Some of the critical things one will need to know are the clock settings, memory timing, boot order and drive settings. Thankfully the computer BIOS has come a long way in the past ten years where many of these settings are automatic and very little needs to be adjusted.
How to Access the BIOS
The method for accessing the BIOS is going to be dependent upon the manufacturer of the motherboard and the BIOS vender they have selected. The actual process to get to the BIOS is identical, just the key that is needed to be pressed will vary. It is important to have the user manual for the motherboard handy whenever changes will be made to the BIOS.
The first step is to look up what key needs to be pressed to enter the BIOS. Some of the common keys used to access the BIOS are F1, F2 and the Del key. Generally the motherboard will post this information when the computer first turns on, but it is best to look it up before hand. Next, power on the computer system and press the key to enter the BIOS after the beep for a clean POST is signaled. I will often press the key a couple times to make sure it registered. If the procedure has been done correctly, the BIOS screen should be displayed rather than the typical boot screen.
CPU Clock
The very first setting that needs to be made in the BIOS is to adjust the motherboard to utilizing the proper clock settings for the CPU installed in the computer. Most modern BIOS vendors can detect the type of CPU and automatically set the proper timings. Refer to the documentation from the CPU and motherboard vendor for the proper settings.
The CPU speed is comprised of two numbers, a bus speed and a multiplier. The bus speed is the tricky part because vendors may have this setting done either at the natural clock rate or at the enhanced clock rate. The natural front side bus is the more common of the two. The multiplier is then used to determine the final clock speed based on the bus speed of the processor. Set this to the appropriate multiple for the final clock speed of the processor.
For an example, if you have an AMD Athlon XP 2500+ processor that has a CPU speed of 1.82GHz clock, the proper settings for the BIOS would be a bus speed of 166MHz and a multiplier of 11. (166MHz x 11 = 1.826 GHz)
Memory Timings
The next aspect of the BIOS that needs adjusting is the memory timings. Typically it is not necessary for this to be done if the BIOS can detect the settings from the SPD on the memory modules. In fact, if the BIOS has a SPD setting for the memory, this should be used for the highest stability with the computer. Other than this, the memory bus is the setting you will likely need to set. Verifying that the memory bus is set to the appropriate speed for the memory. This may be listed as the actual MHZ speed rating or it may be a percentage of the bus speed. Check with your motherboard manual about the proper methods for setting the timings for memory.
Boot Order
This is the most important setting for when you first build your computer. The boot order determines which devices the motherboard will look at for an operating system or installer. The options typically include Hard Drive, Optical Drive, Floppy Drive, Network and Other. The standard order at first startup is Floppy, Hard Drive, Optical Drive and Other. This will generally cause the system to find the hard drive first which will not have a functional operating system on the computer.
The proper sequence for the installation of a new operating system should be Floppy, Optical Drive, Hard Drive and Other. This allows the computer to but from the OS installation CD that has a bootable installer program on it. Once the hard drive has been formatted and the OS installed, it is important to then restore the boot order of the computer to the original of Floppy, Hard Drive, Optical Drive and Other.
Drive Settings
The settings for the hard and optical drives that run off the ATA controllers is another area that users may need to alter. In most modern drives, the PIO and ATA modes are automatically detected and used. There are some cases that it may be necessary to set the controllers to a specific setting to properly function. This is usually only the case with older components.
To properly set the PIO and ATA modes for the drives, refer to the documentation from the manufacture of the hard or optical drive being installed. Once the settings are known from the manufacturer, the proper settings can be placed in the BIOS. Once again, this should only be done if there are problems with the computer when the AUTO settings are used.
Problems and Resetting the CMOS
On some rare occasions, the computer system may not properly POST or boot. When this occurs, typically a series of beeps will be generated by the motherboard to indicate a diagnostic code. Pay close attention to the number and types of beeps and then refer to the motherboard manuals for what the codes mean. Generally when this occurs, it will be necessary to reset the BIOS by clearing the CMOS that stores the BIOS settings.
The actual procedure for clearing the CMOS is fairly straightforward, but check with the manual for the steps to double check. The first thing to do is power off the computer and unplug it. Let to computer rest for about 30 seconds. At this point, you need to find the reset jumper on the motherboard. This jumper is moved from the non-reset to reset position for a brief moment and returned back to its original position. Plug the power cord back in and reboot the computer. At this point, it should boot with the BIOS defaults allowing the settings to be redone.
http://syedimranrocks.blogspot.com/
The BIOS or Basic Input/Output System is the basic controller that allows all of the components that make up a computer system to talk to one another. But in order for this to happen, there are a number of things that the BIOS needs to know how to do. This is why the settings within the BIOS are so critical to the operation of the computer system. For about 95% of the computer users out there, they will never need to adjust the BIOS settings of their computer. However, those who have chosen to build their own computer system will need to know how to modify the settings.
Some of the critical things one will need to know are the clock settings, memory timing, boot order and drive settings. Thankfully the computer BIOS has come a long way in the past ten years where many of these settings are automatic and very little needs to be adjusted.
How to Access the BIOS
The method for accessing the BIOS is going to be dependent upon the manufacturer of the motherboard and the BIOS vender they have selected. The actual process to get to the BIOS is identical, just the key that is needed to be pressed will vary. It is important to have the user manual for the motherboard handy whenever changes will be made to the BIOS.
The first step is to look up what key needs to be pressed to enter the BIOS. Some of the common keys used to access the BIOS are F1, F2 and the Del key. Generally the motherboard will post this information when the computer first turns on, but it is best to look it up before hand. Next, power on the computer system and press the key to enter the BIOS after the beep for a clean POST is signaled. I will often press the key a couple times to make sure it registered. If the procedure has been done correctly, the BIOS screen should be displayed rather than the typical boot screen.
CPU Clock
The very first setting that needs to be made in the BIOS is to adjust the motherboard to utilizing the proper clock settings for the CPU installed in the computer. Most modern BIOS vendors can detect the type of CPU and automatically set the proper timings. Refer to the documentation from the CPU and motherboard vendor for the proper settings.
The CPU speed is comprised of two numbers, a bus speed and a multiplier. The bus speed is the tricky part because vendors may have this setting done either at the natural clock rate or at the enhanced clock rate. The natural front side bus is the more common of the two. The multiplier is then used to determine the final clock speed based on the bus speed of the processor. Set this to the appropriate multiple for the final clock speed of the processor.
For an example, if you have an AMD Athlon XP 2500+ processor that has a CPU speed of 1.82GHz clock, the proper settings for the BIOS would be a bus speed of 166MHz and a multiplier of 11. (166MHz x 11 = 1.826 GHz)
Memory Timings
The next aspect of the BIOS that needs adjusting is the memory timings. Typically it is not necessary for this to be done if the BIOS can detect the settings from the SPD on the memory modules. In fact, if the BIOS has a SPD setting for the memory, this should be used for the highest stability with the computer. Other than this, the memory bus is the setting you will likely need to set. Verifying that the memory bus is set to the appropriate speed for the memory. This may be listed as the actual MHZ speed rating or it may be a percentage of the bus speed. Check with your motherboard manual about the proper methods for setting the timings for memory.
Boot Order
This is the most important setting for when you first build your computer. The boot order determines which devices the motherboard will look at for an operating system or installer. The options typically include Hard Drive, Optical Drive, Floppy Drive, Network and Other. The standard order at first startup is Floppy, Hard Drive, Optical Drive and Other. This will generally cause the system to find the hard drive first which will not have a functional operating system on the computer.
The proper sequence for the installation of a new operating system should be Floppy, Optical Drive, Hard Drive and Other. This allows the computer to but from the OS installation CD that has a bootable installer program on it. Once the hard drive has been formatted and the OS installed, it is important to then restore the boot order of the computer to the original of Floppy, Hard Drive, Optical Drive and Other.
Drive Settings
The settings for the hard and optical drives that run off the ATA controllers is another area that users may need to alter. In most modern drives, the PIO and ATA modes are automatically detected and used. There are some cases that it may be necessary to set the controllers to a specific setting to properly function. This is usually only the case with older components.
To properly set the PIO and ATA modes for the drives, refer to the documentation from the manufacture of the hard or optical drive being installed. Once the settings are known from the manufacturer, the proper settings can be placed in the BIOS. Once again, this should only be done if there are problems with the computer when the AUTO settings are used.
Problems and Resetting the CMOS
On some rare occasions, the computer system may not properly POST or boot. When this occurs, typically a series of beeps will be generated by the motherboard to indicate a diagnostic code. Pay close attention to the number and types of beeps and then refer to the motherboard manuals for what the codes mean. Generally when this occurs, it will be necessary to reset the BIOS by clearing the CMOS that stores the BIOS settings.
The actual procedure for clearing the CMOS is fairly straightforward, but check with the manual for the steps to double check. The first thing to do is power off the computer and unplug it. Let to computer rest for about 30 seconds. At this point, you need to find the reset jumper on the motherboard. This jumper is moved from the non-reset to reset position for a brief moment and returned back to its original position. Plug the power cord back in and reboot the computer. At this point, it should boot with the BIOS defaults allowing the settings to be redone.
http://syedimranrocks.blogspot.com/
Tuesday, 13 April 2010
Friday, 9 April 2010
PS_shortcuts
Photoshop Shortcut Keystrokes
Operation | Photoshop Shortcut |
Actual Pixels | Ctrl+ Alt+ zero (0) |
Auto Levels | Ctrl+ Shift+ L |
Bring Layer Forward | Ctrl+ ] |
Bring Layer to Front | Ctrl+ Shift+ ] |
Clear | Backspace or Delete |
Close | Ctrl+ W or Ctrl+ F4 |
Color Balance | Ctrl+ B |
Color Balance, with last settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ B |
Copy | Ctrl+ C or F3 |
Copy Merged | Ctrl+ Shift+ C |
Curves | Ctrl+ M |
Curves, with last settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ M |
Cut | Ctrl+ X or F2 |
Desaturate | Ctrl+ Shift+ U |
Exit | Ctrl+ Q or Alt+ F4 |
Fade Filter | Ctrl+ Shift+ F |
Feather Selection | Ctrl+ Alt+ D or Shift+ F6 |
Fill | Shift+ Backspace or Shift+ F5 |
Fill from history | Ctrl+ Alt+ Backspace |
Filter, repeat last | Ctrl+ F |
Filter, repeat with new settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ F |
Fit on Screen | Ctrl+ zero (0) |
Free Transform | Ctrl+ T |
Gamut Warning | Ctrl+ Shift+ Y |
Grid, show or hide | Ctrl+ quote (") |
Group with Previous Layer | Ctrl+ G |
Guides, show or hide | Ctrl+ semicolon (;) |
Help Contents | F1 |
Help, context-sensitive | Shift+ F1 |
Hide Edges | Ctrl+ H |
Hide Path | Ctrl+ Shift+ H |
Hue/Saturation | Ctrl+ U |
Hue/Saturation, with last settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ U |
Image Size | F11 |
Inverse Selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ I or Shift+ F7 |
Invert | Ctrl+ I |
Layer Via Copy | Ctrl+ J |
Layer Via Cut | Ctrl+ Shift+ J |
Levels | Ctrl+ L |
Levels, with last settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ L |
Lock Guides | Ctrl+ Alt+ semicolon (;) |
Merge Down | Ctrl+ E |
Merge Visible | Ctrl+ Shift+ E |
New | Ctrl+ N |
New, with default settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ N |
New Layer | Ctrl+ Shift+ N |
Numeric Transform | none |
Open | Ctrl+ O |
Open As | Ctrl+ Alt+ O |
Open last edited image | Alt+ F, press number (1 through 4) |
Page Setup | Ctrl+ Shift+ P |
Paste | Ctrl+ V or F4 |
Paste Into | Ctrl+ Shift+ V |
Preferences | Ctrl+ K |
Preferences, last panel | Ctrl+ Alt+ K |
Preview CMYK | Ctrl+ Y |
Print | Ctrl+ P |
Quit | Ctrl+ Q |
Redo | Ctrl+ Z |
Reselect | Ctrl+ Shift+ D |
Revert | F12 or click first item in History palette |
Rulers, show or hide | Ctrl+ R |
Save | Ctrl+ S |
Save As | Ctrl+ Shift+ S |
Save a Copy | Ctrl+ Alt+ S |
Select All | Ctrl+ A |
Select None | Ctrl+ D |
Send Layer Backward | Ctrl+ [ |
Send Layer to Back | Ctrl+ Shift+ [ |
Step Backward | Ctrl+ Alt+ Z |
Step Forward | Ctrl+ Shift+ Z |
Snap to Grid | Ctrl+ Shift+ quote (") |
Snap to Guides | Ctrl+ Shift+ semicolon (;) |
Transform Again | Ctrl+ Shift+ T |
Undo | Ctrl+ Z |
Ungroup Layers | Ctrl+ Shift+ G |
Zoom In | Ctrl+ plus (+) |
Zoom Out | Ctrl+ minus (-) |
Scroll image with hand tool | spacebar+drag or drag in Navigator palette |
Scroll up or down one screen | Page Up or Page Down |
Scroll up or down slightly | Shift+ Page Up or Shift+ Page Down |
Scroll up or down exactly one frame in Filmstrip file | Shift+ Page Up or Shift+ Page Down |
Scroll left or right one screen | Ctrl+ Page Up or Ctrl+ Page Down |
Scroll left or right slightly | Ctrl+ Shift+ Page Up or Ctrl+ Shift+ Page Down |
Switch to upper-left corner | press Home |
Switch to lower-right corner | press End |
Magnify to custom zoom ratio | Ctrl+ spacebar+drag or Ctrl+ drag in Navigator palette |
Zoom in without changing window size | Ctrl+ spacebar+click or Ctrl+ plus (+) |
Zoom in and change window size to fit | Ctrl+ Alt+ plus (+) |
Zoom out without changing window size | Alt+ spacebar+click or Ctrl+ minus (-) |
Zoom out and change window size to fit | Ctrl+ Alt+ minus (-) |
Zoom to 100% | Ctrl+ Alt+ zero (0) or double-click zoom tool icon |
Fit image on screen | Ctrl+ zero (0) or double-click hand tool icon |
Apply zoom value but keep magnification box active | Shift+ Enter |
Cycle through full screen and normal window modes | F |
Toggle display of menu bar in full screen modes | Shift+ F |
Display Options palette | Enter or double-click tool icon |
Display crosshair cursor | Caps Lock |
Revert image with magic eraser | Alt+ drag with eraser |
Select pencil, painbrush, or airbrush | press N, B, or J |
Cycle through eraser styles | Alt+ click eraser tool icon or Shift+ E |
Specify an area to clone | Alt+ click with rubber stamp |
Cycle through rubber stamp options | Alt+ click rubber stamp tool icon or Shift+ S |
Cycle through focus tools | Alt+ click focus tool icon or Shift+ R |
Sharpen with the blur tool or blur with the sharpen tool | Alt+ drag |
Dip into the foreground color when smearing | Alt+ drag with smudge tool |
Cycle through toning tools | Alt+ click toning tool icon or Shift+ O |
Darken with the dodge tool or lighten with the burn tool | Alt+ drag |
Paint or edit in a straight line | click and then Shift+ click |
Change opacity, pressure, or exposure in 10% increments | press number (1 through 0) |
Change opacity, pressure, or exposure in 1% increments | press two numbers in a row |
Select brush mode | right-click with paint or edit tool or Shift+ Alt+ letter |
Cycle through brush modes | Shift+ plus (+) or Shift+ minus (-) |
Reset to Normal brush mode | Shift+ Alt+ N |
Display or hide Brushes palette | F5 |
Cycle through brush shapes | press bracket, [ or ] |
Switch to first shape in Brushes palette | Shift+ [ |
Switch to last shape in Brushes palette | Shift+ ] |
Delete shape from Brushes palette | Ctrl+ click brush shape |
Create new brush shape | click in empty area of Brushes palette |
Edit brush shape | double-click brush shape |
Lift foreground color from image | Alt+ click with paint tool or click with eyedropper |
Lift background color from image | Alt+ click with eyedropper |
Sample color in image | click with color sampler tool |
Delete color sample | Alt+ click on target with color sampler tool |
Display or hide Color palette | F6 |
Lift foreground color from color bar at bottom of Color palette | click color bar |
Lift background color from color bar | Alt+ click color bar |
Cycle through color bars | Shift+ click color bar |
Specify new color bar | right-click color bar or Ctrl+ click for dialog box |
Lift foreground color from Swatches palette | click swatch |
Lift background color from Swatches palette | Alt+ click swatch |
Delete swatch from palette | Ctrl+ click swatch |
Replace swatch with foreground color | Shift+ click swatch |
Add new swatch to palette | click in empty area of palette or Shift+ Alt+ click on swatch |
Fill selection or layer with foreground color | Alt+ Backspace |
Fill layer with foreground color but preserve transparency | Shift+ Alt+ Backspace |
Fill selection on background layer with background color | Backspace or Delete |
Fill selection on any layer with background color | Ctrl+ Backspace |
Fill layer with background color but preserve transparency | Shift+ Ctrl+ Backspace |
Fill selection with source state in History palette | Ctrl+ Alt+ Backspace |
Display Fill dialog box | Shift+ Backspace or Shift+ F5 |
Edit text layer | double-click on T in Layers palette or right-click with type tool |
Select word in Text Tool dialog box | double-click on word |
Select word to left or right | Ctrl+ Shift+ left or right arrow |
Select all text | Ctrl+ A |
Increase type size two pixels (or points) | Ctrl+ Shift+ greater than (>) |
Decrease type size two pixels | Ctrl+ Shift+ less than (<) |
Increase type size 10 pixels | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ greater than (>) |
Decrease type size 10 pixels | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ less than (<) |
Tighten leading two pixels | Alt+ up arrow |
Expand leading two pixels | Alt+ down arrow |
Tighten leading 10 pixels | Ctrl+ Alt+ up arrow |
Expand leading 10 pixels | Ctrl+ Alt+ down arrow |
Kern together 2/100 em | Alt+ left arrow |
Kern apart 2/100 em | Alt+ right arrow |
Kern together 1/10 em | Ctrl+ Alt+ left arrow |
Kern apart 1/10 em | Ctrl+ Alt+ right arrow |
Raise baseline shift two pixels | Shift+ Alt+ up arrow |
Lower baseline shift two pixels | Shift+ Alt+ down arrow |
Raise baseline shift 10 pixels | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ up arrow |
Lower baseline shift 10 pixels | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ down arrow |
Exit Type Tool dialog box | Enter on keypad or Ctrl+ Enter |
Left-align text | Ctrl+ Shift+ L |
Center-align text | Ctrl+ Shift+ C |
Right-align text | Ctrl+ Shift+ R |
Magnify view in Text Tool dialog box | Ctrl+ plus (+) |
Zoom out in Text Tool dialog box | Ctrl+ minus (-) |
Select everything | Ctrl+ A |
Deselect everything | Ctrl+ D |
Restore selection after deselecting | Ctrl+ Shift+ D |
Hide or show marching ants | Ctrl+ H |
Feather the selection | Ctrl+ Alt+ D or Shift+ F6 |
Reverse the selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ I or Shift+ F7 |
Cycle through all marquee tools (including crop tool) | Alt+ click marquee tool icon |
Toggle between rectangular and elliptical marquees | Shift+ M |
Draw out from center with marquee tool | Alt+ drag |
Constrain marquee to square or circle | press Shift while drawing shape |
Move marquee as you draw it | press spacebar |
Cycle through lasso tools | Alt+ click lasso tool icon or Shift+ L |
Add corner to straight-sided selection outline | Alt+ click with lasso tool or click with polygonal lasso |
Add point to magnetic selection | click with magentic pen tool |
Delete last point added with magnetic lasso tool | Backspace |
Increase or reduce magnetic lasso width | press bracket, [ or ] |
Close polygon or magnetic selection | double-click with respective lasso tool or press Enter |
Close magnetic selection with straight segment | Alt+ double-click or Alt+ Enter |
Cancel polygon or magnetic selection | press Escape |
Add to selection | Shift+ drag or Shift+ click with selection tool |
Subtract from selection | Alt+ drag or Alt+ click with selection tool |
Retain intersected portion of selection | Shift+ Alt+ drag or Shift+ Alt+ click with selection tool |
Add character outlines to a selection | Shift+ click with type mask tool |
Cut letter-shaped holes into a selection | Alt+ click with type mask tool |
Retain areas where character outlines and selection intersect | Shift+ Alt+ click with type mask tool |
Select move tool | press V or press and hold Ctrl |
Move selection | drag with move tool or Ctrl+ drag with other tool |
Constrain movement vertically or horizontally | press Shift while dragging selection |
Move selection in 1-pixel increments | Ctrl+ arrow key |
Move selection in 10-pixel increments | Ctrl+ Shift+ arrow key |
Clone selection | Alt+ drag selection with move tool or Ctrl+ Alt+ drag with other tool |
Clone selection in 1-pixel increments | Ctrl+ Alt+ arrow key |
Clone selection in 10-pixel increments | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ arrow key |
Clone selection to different image | Ctrl+ drag selection from one window and drop it into another |
Move selection outline independently of its contents | drag with selection tool |
Move selection outline in 1-pixel increments | press arrow key when selection tool is active |
Move selection outline in 10-pixel increments | Shift+ arrow key when selection tool is active |
Copy empty selection outline to different image | drag selection from one window into another with selection tool |
Change opacity of floating selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ F |
Paste image into selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ V |
Paste image behind selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ V |
Display or hide Layers palette | F7 |
View single layer by itself | Alt+ click eyeball icon in Layers palette |
Create new layer and set blend options | Alt+ click page icon at bottom of Layers palette or Ctrl+ Shift+ N |
Create new layer and bypass blend options | click page icon at bottom of Layers palette or Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ N |
Clone selection to new layer | Ctrl+ J |
Convert selection to new layer and leave hole behind | Ctrl+ Shift+ J |
Convert floating selection to new layer | Ctrl+ Shift+ J |
Diplicate layer to new layer | drag layer name onto page icon or Ctrl+ A, Ctrl+ J |
Ascend one layer | Alt+ ] |
Descend one layer | Alt+ [ |
Ascend to top layer | Shift+ Alt+ ] |
Descend to background layer | Shift+ Alt+ [ |
Go directly to layer that contains specific image | Ctrl+ Alt+ right-click image with any tool |
Preserve transparency of active layer | press slash (/) |
Convert layer’s transparency mask to selection outline | Ctrl+ click layer name in Layers palette |
Add transparency mask to selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ click layer name |
Subtract transparency mask from selection | Ctrl+ Alt+ click layer name |
Retain intersection of transparency mask and selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ click layer name |
Move entire layer | drag with move tool or Ctrl+ drag with other tool |
Move entire layer in 1-pixel increments | Ctrl+ arrow key |
Move entire layer in 10-pixel increments | Ctrl+ Shift+ arrow key |
Bring layer forward one level | Ctrl+ ] |
Bring layer to front of file | Ctrl+ Shift+ ] |
Send layer backward one level | Ctrl+ [ |
Send layer to back, just above the background layer | Ctrl+ Shift+ [ |
Link layer with active layer | click in front of layer name |
Unlink layer from active layer | click on chain icon in front of layer name |
Unlink all layers from active layer | Alt+ click on brush icon in front of active layer name |
Change opacity of active layer in 10% increments | press number (1 through 0) when selection tool is active |
Change opacity of active layer in 1% increments | press two numbers in a row when selection tool is active |
Edit blend options for layer | double-click layer name in Layers palette |
Select blend mode | Shift+ Alt+ letter |
Cycle through blend modes | Shift+ plus (+) or Shift+ minus (-) when selection tool is active |
Reset to Normal blend mode | Shift+ Alt+ N |
Adjust "fuzziness" in Layer Options dialog box | Alt+ drag slider triangle |
Merge layer with next layer down | Ctrl+ E |
Merge linked layers | Ctrl+ E |
Merge all visible layers | Ctrl+ Shift+ E |
Copy merged version of selection to Clipboard | Ctrl+ Shift+ C |
Clone contents of layer into next layer down | Ctrl+ Alt+ E |
Clone contents of linked layers to active layer | Ctrl+ Alt+ E |
Clone contents of all visible layers to activate layer | Ctrl+ Alt+ Shift+ E |
Group neighboring layers | Alt+ click horizontal line in Layers palette or Ctrl+ G |
Ungroup neighboring layers | Alt+ click dotted line in Layers palette or Ctrl+ Shift+ G |
Switch between layer effects in Effects dialog box | Ctrl+ 1 through Ctrl+ 5 |
Switch between layer effects outside dialog box | right-click on ƒ in Layers palette |
Edit layer effect | double-click on ƒ |
Move shadow when Effect dialog box is open | drag in image window |
Disable last layer effect | Alt+ double-click on ƒ |
Disable specific layer effect | Alt+ choose command from Layer >> Effects submenu |
Create adjustment layer | Ctrl+ click page icon at bottom of Layers palette |
Save flattened copy of layered image | Ctrl+ Alt+ S |
Switch between independent color and mask channels | Ctrl+ 1 through Ctrl+ 9 |
Switch to composite color view | Ctrl+ tilde (~) |
Activate or deactivate color channel | Shift+ click channel name in Channels palette |
Create channel mask filled with black | click page icon at bottom of Channels palette |
Create channel mask filled with black and set options | Alt+ click page icon at bottom of Channels palette |
Create channel mask from selection outline | click mask icon at bottom of Channels palette |
Create channel mask from selection outline and set options | Alt+ click mask icon at bottom of Channels palette |
View channel mask as Rubylith overlay | click top eyeball in Channels palette or press tilde(~) |
Convert channel mask to selection outline | Ctrl+ click channel name in Channels palette or Ctrl+ Alt+ number (1 through 0) |
Add channel mask to selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ click channel name |
Subtract channel mask from selection | Ctrl+ Alt+ click channel name |
Retain intersection of channel mask and selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ click channel name |
Enter or exit quick mask mode | press Q |
Toggle quick mask color over masked or selected area | Alt+ click quick mask icon in toolbox |
Change quick mask color overlay | double-click quick mask icon |
View quick mask independently of image | click top eyeball in Channels palette or press tilde(~) |
Create layer mask filled with white | click mask icon at bottom of Layers palette |
Create layer mask filled with black | Alt+ click mask icon |
Create layer mask from selection outline | click mask icon |
Create layer mask that hides selection | Alt+ click mask icon |
Switch focus from layer mask to image | Ctrl+ tilde (~) |
Switch focus from image to layer mask | Ctrl+ backslash (\) |
View layer mask independently of image | Alt+ click layer mask thumbnail in Layers palette or press backslash (\) then tilde (~) |
View layer mask as Rubylith overlay | Shift+ Alt+ click layer mask thumbnail or press backslash (\) |
Disable layer mask | Shift+ click layer mask thumbnail |
Toggle link between layer and layer mask | click between layer and mask thumbnails in Layers palette |
Convert layer mask to selection outline | Ctrl+ click layer mask thumbnail or Ctrl+ Alt+ backslash (\) |
Add layer mask to selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ click layer mask thumbnail |
Subtract layer mask from selection | Ctrl+ Alt+ click layer mask thumbnail |
Retain intersection of layer mask and selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ click layer mask thumbnail |
Add spot color channel | Ctrl+ click page icon at bottom of Channels palette |
Select pen tool | press P |
Cycle between standard, freeform, and magnetic pen tools | Shift+ P |
Select insert point tool | press plus (+) |
Select remove point tool | press minus (-) |
Add corner to path | click with pen tool or Alt+ click with freeform pen tool |
Add smooth arc to path | drag with pen tool |
Add cusp to path | drag with pen tool, then Alt+ drag same point |
Add point to magnetic selection | click with magentic pen tool |
Delete last point added with standard or magentic pen tool | Backspace |
Draw freehand path segment | drag with freeform pen tool or Alt+ drag with magnetic pen tool |
Increase or reduce magnetic pen width | press bracket, [ or ] |
Close magnetic selection | double-click with magnetic pen tool or click on first point in path |
Close magnetic selection with straight segment | Alt+ double-click or Alt+ Enter |
Cancel magnetic or freeform selection | press Escape |
Select arrow (direct selection) tool | press A or press and hold Ctrl when pen tool is active |
Select insert or remove point tool | press plus (+) or minus (-) |
Move selected points | drag point with arrow tool or Ctrl+ drag with pen tool |
Select multiple points in path | Shift+ click point with arrow or Ctrl+ Shift+ click with pen |
Select entire path | Alt+ click path with arrow or Ctrl+ Alt+ click with pen |
Clone path | Alt+ drag path with arrow or Ctrl+ Alt+ drag with pen |
Convert corner or cusp to smooth arc | Ctrl+ Alt+ drag point with arrow or Alt+ drag with pen |
Convert arc to corner | Ctrl+ Alt+ click point with arrow or Alt+ click with pen |
Convert arc to cusp | Ctrl+ Alt+ drag handle with arrow or Alt+ drag with pen |
Insert point in path | click segment with pen tool or Alt+ click with remove point tool |
Remove point from path | click point with pen tool or Alt+ click with insert point tool |
Convert path to selection outline | Ctrl+ click path name in Paths palette or press Enter on keypad when selection or path tool is active |
Add path to selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ click path name or Shift+ Enter on keypad |
Subtract path from selection | Ctrl+ Alt+ click path name or Alt+ Enter on keypad |
Retain intersection of path and selection | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ click path name or Shift+ Alt+ Enter on keypad |
Apply brushstroke around perimeter of path | press Enter on keypad when paint or edit tool is active |
Revert around perimeter of path | press Alt+ Enter on keypad when eraser tool is active or Enter when history brush is active |
Save path for future use | double-click Work Path item in Paths palette |
Hide path (it remains active) | Ctrl+ Shift+ H |
Deactivate path | click in empty portion of Paths palette |
Select crop tool | press C |
Move cropping boundary | drag inside boundary |
Resize cropping boundary | drag boundary handle |
Rotate cropping boundary | drag outside boundary |
Accept crop | double-click inside boundary or press Enter |
Cancel crop | press Escape |
Transform selection or layer numerically | none |
Freely transform selection or layer | Ctrl+ T |
Duplicate selection and freely transform | Ctrl+ Alt+ T |
Move image in Free Transform mode | drag inside boundary |
Move transformation origin | drag crosshair target |
Resize image | drag boundary handle |
Resize with respect to origin | Alt+ drag boundary handle |
Rotate image (always with respect to origin) | drag outside boundary |
Skew image | Ctrl+ drag side handle |
Skew image along constrained axis | Ctrl+ Shift+ drag side handle |
Skew image with respect to origin | Ctrl+ Alt+ drag side handle |
Skew image along constrained axis with respect to origin | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ drag side handle |
Distort image | Ctrl+ drag corner handle |
Symmetrically distort opposite corners | Ctrl+ Alt+ drag corner handle |
Constrained distort for perspective effect | Ctrl+ Shift+ drag corner handle |
Constrained distort for symmetrical perspective effect | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ drag corner handle |
Apply specific transformation in Free Transform mode | right-click in image window |
Accept transformation | double-click inside boundary or press Enter |
Cancel transformation | press Escape |
Replay last transformation | Ctrl+ Shift+ T |
Duplicate selection and replay last transformation | Ctrl+ Shift+ Alt+ T |
Display or hide rulers | Ctrl+ R |
Display or hide Info palette | F8 |
Change unit of measure | drag from X,Y pop-up in Info palette or double-click ruler |
Select measure tool | press U |
Measure distance and angle | drag with measure tool |
Move measure line | drag measure line |
Change length and angle of measure line | drag point at either end of measure line |
Measure angle between two lines (protractor option) | Alt+ drag endpoint |
Display or hide guides | Ctrl+ semicolon (;) |
Create guide | drag from ruler |
Move guide | drag guide with move tool or Ctrl+ drag with other tool |
Toggle horizontal guide to vertical or vice versa | press Alt while dragging guide |
Snap guide to ruler tick marks | press Shift while dragging guide |
Toggle guide magnetism | Ctrl+ Shift+ semicolon (;) |
Lock or unlock guides | Ctrl+ Alt+ semicolon (;) |
Display or hide grid | Ctrl+ quote (") |
Toggle grid magnetism | Ctrl+ Shift+ quote (") |
Edit guide color and grid increments | Ctrl+ double-click guide |
Repeat filter with last-used settings | Ctrl+ F |
Repeat filter with different settings | Ctrl+ Alt+ F |
Scroll preview box in corrective filter dialog boxes | drag in preview box or click in image window |
Zoom preview box in corrective filter dialog boxes | Ctrl+ click and Alt+ click |
Increase selected Option- box value by 1 (or 0.1) | up arrow |
Decrease value by 1 (or 0.1) | down arrow |
Increase value by 10 (or 1) | Shift+ up arrow |
Decrease value by 10 (or 1) | Shift+ down arrow |
Adjust Angle value (where offered) in 15° increments | Shift+ drag in Angle wheel |
Reset options inside corrective filter dialog boxes | Alt+ click Cancel button |
Clone light in Lighting Effects dialog box | Alt+ drag light |
Delete Lighting Effects light | press Delete |
Adjust size of footprint without affecting angle of light | Shift+ drag handle |
Adjust angle of light without affecting size of footprint | Ctrl+ drag handle |
Switch between arrow tools in 3D Transform dialog box | press V or A, or Ctrl+ Tab |
Select 3D cube, sphere, or cylinder tool | press M, N, or C |
Edit shape with pan camera or trackball | press E or R |
Delete selected 3D Transform shape | Backspace |
Add point in Curves dialog box | click on graph line |
Add specific color as new point on composite curve | Ctrl+ click in image window |
Add color as new point on independent channel curves | Ctrl+ Shift+ click in image window |
Nudge selected curve point | press arrow key |
Select next curve point | Ctrl+ tab |
Select previous curve point | Ctrl+ Shift+ tab |
Delete curve point | Ctrl+ click point |
Select multiple curve points | Shift+ click point |
Deselect all points | Ctrl+ D |
Move Hue/Saturation range to new location | click in image window |
Add colors to Hue/Saturation range | Shift+ click or drag in image window |
Subtract colors from Hue/Saturation range | Alt+ click or drag in image window |
Edit all colors in Hue/Saturation dialog box | Ctrl+ tilde (~) |
Edit predefined color range | Ctrl+ 1 through Ctrl+ 6 |
Undo or redo last operation | Ctrl+ Z |
Undo operation prior to last one | Ctrl+ Alt+ Z |
Redo undone operation | Ctrl+ Shift+ Z |
Undo to specific point | click on item in History palette |
Duplicate previously performed operation | Alt+ click on item in History palette |
Select state to revert to with history brush | click in front of item in History palette |
Create snapshot from active state | click page icon at bottom of History palette |
Create duplicate image from active state | click ... box icon at bottom of History palette |
Revert to saved image | F12 or click first item in History palette |
Display or hide all palettes, and toolbox, and status bar | Tab |
Display or hide palettes except toolbox | Shift+ Tab |
Hide toolbox and status bar | Tab, Shift+ Tab |
Move a panel out of a palette | drag panel tab |
Snap palette to edge of screen | Shift+ click palette title bar |
Fully collapse palette | Alt+ click collapse box or double-click panel tab |
Display or hide Actions palette | F9 |
Play script | Ctrl+ double-click on item in Actions palette |
Permanently delete item from palette that includes trash can | Alt+ click trash can |
Preview how image sits on printed page | click preview box |
View size and resolution of image | Alt+ click preview box |
Change the preference settings | Ctrl+ K |
Display last used Preferences dialog box panel | Ctrl+ Alt+ K |
Bring up dialog box with last-used settings | Alt+ choose command from Image >> Adjust submenu |
Duplicate image and bypass dialog box | Alt+ choose Image >> Duplicate |
Cancel the current operation | Escape |
Activate No button when closing image | press N |
Activate Don’t Save or Don’t Flatten button | press D |
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